October 02, 2007
Women in the Boardroom
Posted by Gordon Smith

Catalyst, a research and advisory organization whose mission is to "expand opportunities for women and business" issued a "report" (wall chart?) today entitled The Bottom Line: Corporate Performance and Women’s Representation on Boards, which purports to show a "very strong correlation between corporate financial performance and gender diversity." The President of Catalyst is quoted as follows: "We know that diversity, well managed, produces better results. And smart companies appreciate that diversifying their boards with women can lead to more independence, innovation, and good governance and maximize their company’s performance."

A study is hard to evaluate when all we get is a few graphics and a soundbite. In preparing my forthcoming article, The Dystopian Potential of Corporate Law, 56 EMORY L. J. __ (forthcoming 2007), I looked at other studies of diversity and firm performance while responding to Kent Greenfield's claim that "adding perspectives other than those of rich, white men will almost certainly improve the quality of business decisions made by the board." One way to approach this is to ask: how is it that we all know this when evidence is so scant?

After reviewing the then-extant studies, our own Lisa Fairfax -- certainly a sympathetic commentator on diversity -- expressed skepticism for the "governance rationale" for diversity on corporate boards. See Lisa M. Fairfax, The Bottom Line On Board Diversity: A Cost-Benefit Analysis Of The Business Rationales For Diversity On Corporate Boards, 2005 WIS. L. REV. 795, 831-37. I agree with Lisa that the case for diversity has not been made on governance grounds.

Do we even have a plausible story for the connection between diversity and value creation? You have to believe not only that business-experienced women and minorities would pursue materially different strategies from those pursued by "rich, white men," but also that the women and minority directors would influence enough of their other-thinking colleagues to carry the day at the board level. Of course, we are presuming that boards even engage in these sorts of discussions rather than relying on executives to develop corporate strategies. It just all seems too much of a fairy tale to me.

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Comments (6)

1. Posted by Scott Moss on October 2, 2007 @ 19:06 | Permalink

My guess (without data, but then again, as you note, Gordon, those claiming positive effects of diversity don't have much real data either) is that IF there in fact is a valid correlation between diversity and performance, it's probably that firms pursuing diversity are pursuing more cutting-edge/reformist/innovative strategies generally, in contrast to their more stagnant peers. And it's the more diverse firms' generally inovative orientation, not the diversity that is merely one correlated aspect of their innovativeness, that produces the better results.


2. Posted by Jake on October 2, 2007 @ 20:44 | Permalink

"[P]robably . . . firms pursuing diversity are pursuing more cutting-edge/reformist/innovative strategies generally, in contrast to their more stagnant peers."

Certainly. Everyone knows the Industrial Revolution was fueled by diversity.


3. Posted by Scott Moss on October 2, 2007 @ 20:55 | Permalink

Jake, I didn't say that diversity was the "fuel" of all, or even any, innovation. To the contrary, I was saying that it's more likely that diversity simply correlates with, rather than is a cause of, strong performance. So if you could take off your snark hat for a second and actually focus on what I said, you might notice that I'm agreeing with your implicit skepticism of the position about which Gordon expressed skepticism: that diversity generates general corporate improvement.

After all, if there are stats showing a correlation between diversity and performance, there are only three possibilities: (1) diversity was a cause of the performance, (2) diversity merely correlates with performance due to some third causal factor (e.g., my suggestion that companies doing better are more likely to have pursued diversity initiatives), or (3) that the stats are flawed. My comment suggested explanation #2 but indicated that I'm open to explanation #3.


4. Posted by Marianna Moss on October 3, 2007 @ 13:48 | Permalink

Jake, I totally agree with you -- the industrial revolution had nothing to do with diversity.

Also, the US would have achieved the same prominence in the world if it remained the same WASP country it was initially, instead of admitting immigrants from all over the world.


5. Posted by Jake on October 3, 2007 @ 20:38 | Permalink

Ooh, consider me spanked. Scott, I do not even own a "snark hat." And, Marianna, please spare me the condescending sarcasm.

Did either of you spent 10 years working in the construction trades with ordinary black or Hispanic people, helping each other lift heavy loads, laughing, crying, eating, and drinking together, taking one another to the hospital when injured, giving each other lifts to and from work when a car broke down, etcetera?

I did. Accordingly, although my viewpoint is based on anecdotal evidence, it at least has some evidence to support it.

"Diversity" is important. But it also is inevitable, like the weather. Proponents of "diversity" should cease invoking the term in such malleable, elusive terms and try to demonstrate some correlation between "diversity" and success in business, corporate performance, improved allocative economic efficiency, or some other measurable metric.

Neither of you does so. Climb down off the ivory tower, spend a few years living with the common folk, of all colors and creeds, on their own terms, then come back and tell me what you've learned.

All that said, I think Scott and I agree that "diversity generates general corporate improvement." I agree because, as stated, diversity is inevitable. Corporations that ignore the fact are doomed.

Thanks.

Jake


6. Posted by M. Hodak on October 6, 2007 @ 12:14 | Permalink

All I have is anecdotal evidence from working with many boards over many years. In my experience, the women on boards have the same general level of cluelessness at about the same rate as their male counterparts when it comes to corporate strategy. It might be a little worse with women since, in the name of reaching for diversity, female directors tend to come disproportionately from non-business backgrounds, e.g., non-profit, academia, government, etc. I'm not saying that's a bad thing overall, but it certainly doesn't argue obviously for business outperformance.

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